{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-40169", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.176Z", "datePublished": "2025-11-12T10:46:51.736Z", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-12T10:46:51.736Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-12T10:46:51.736Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Reject negative offsets for ALU ops\n\nWhen verifying BPF programs, the check_alu_op() function validates\ninstructions with ALU operations. The 'offset' field in these\ninstructions is a signed 16-bit integer.\n\nThe existing check 'insn->off > 1' was intended to ensure the offset is\neither 0, or 1 for BPF_MOD/BPF_DIV. However, because 'insn->off' is\nsigned, this check incorrectly accepts all negative values (e.g., -1).\n\nThis commit tightens the validation by changing the condition to\n'(insn->off != 0 && insn->off != 1)'. This ensures that any value\nother than the explicitly permitted 0 and 1 is rejected, hardening the\nverifier against malformed BPF programs."}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["kernel/bpf/verifier.c"], "versions": [{"version": "ec0e2da95f72d4a46050a4d994e4fe471474fd80", "lessThan": "3bce44b344040e5eef3d64d38b157c15304c0aab", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "ec0e2da95f72d4a46050a4d994e4fe471474fd80", "lessThan": "5017c302ca4b2a45149ad64e058fa2d5623c068f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "ec0e2da95f72d4a46050a4d994e4fe471474fd80", "lessThan": "21167bf70dbe400563e189ac632258d35eda38b5", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "ec0e2da95f72d4a46050a4d994e4fe471474fd80", "lessThan": "55c0ced59fe17dee34e9dfd5f7be63cbab207758", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["kernel/bpf/verifier.c"], "versions": [{"version": "6.6", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.6", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.112", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.53", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.17.3", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18-rc1", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.6", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.112"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.6", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.53"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.6", "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.3"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.6", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18-rc1"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3bce44b344040e5eef3d64d38b157c15304c0aab"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5017c302ca4b2a45149ad64e058fa2d5623c068f"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/21167bf70dbe400563e189ac632258d35eda38b5"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/55c0ced59fe17dee34e9dfd5f7be63cbab207758"}], "title": "bpf: Reject negative offsets for ALU ops", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

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{"cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Reject negative offsets for ALU ops\n\nWhen verifying BPF programs, the check_alu_op() function validates\ninstructions with ALU operations. The 'offset' field in these\ninstructions is a signed 16-bit integer.\n\nThe existing check 'insn->off > 1' was intended to ensure the offset is\neither 0, or 1 for BPF_MOD/BPF_DIV. However, because 'insn->off' is\nsigned, this check incorrectly accepts all negative values (e.g., -1).\n\nThis commit tightens the validation by changing the condition to\n'(insn->off != 0 && insn->off != 1)'. This ensures that any value\nother than the explicitly permitted 0 and 1 is rejected, hardening the\nverifier against malformed BPF programs."}], "id": "CVE-2025-40169", "lastModified": "2025-11-12T16:19:12.850", "metrics": {}, "published": "2025-11-12T11:15:47.270", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/21167bf70dbe400563e189ac632258d35eda38b5"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3bce44b344040e5eef3d64d38b157c15304c0aab"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5017c302ca4b2a45149ad64e058fa2d5623c068f"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/55c0ced59fe17dee34e9dfd5f7be63cbab207758"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: bpf: Reject negative offsets for ALU ops", "id": "2414474", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2414474"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nbpf: Reject negative offsets for ALU ops\nWhen verifying BPF programs, the check_alu_op() function validates\ninstructions with ALU operations. The 'offset' field in these\ninstructions is a signed 16-bit integer.\nThe existing check 'insn->off > 1' was intended to ensure the offset is\neither 0, or 1 for BPF_MOD/BPF_DIV. However, because 'insn->off' is\nsigned, this check incorrectly accepts all negative values (e.g., -1).\nThis commit tightens the validation by changing the condition to\n'(insn->off != 0 && insn->off != 1)'. This ensures that any value\nother than the explicitly permitted 0 and 1 is rejected, hardening the\nverifier against malformed BPF programs."], "name": "CVE-2025-40169", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-11-12T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40169\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40169\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025111259-CVE-2025-40169-c29b@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Low"}